Abstract
Anterior drawer signs (ADS)[anterior tibial displacement in [mm]] were measured in human cadaveric knee joints in 90° flexion in vitro. Section of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) led to an increase of the ADS up to 180%. Additional section of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) raised the ADS to 470%. Carbon fiber ligament replacements reduced the drawer signs to initial values. Each of the 3 muscle groups of the knee joint reduced the ADS: the quadriceps femoris by 20%, the gastrocnemius and the pes anserinus group by around 50% each. In combination the 3 muscle groups minimized the ADS to about 20% of the values in the intact knee joint even when ACL or both ACL and MCL were cut. Thus, postoperative physiotherapy should preferably include training of the hamstring and calf muscles.
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