The role of Muller's muscle in the occurrence and surgical treatment of the upper eyelid ptosis

Abstract

Muller's muscle of the upper eyelid (MM) remains a poorly understood anatomical structure, so its role in the emergence of upper eyelid ptosis provokes certain interest. This literature review examines the gradual rise of attention devoted to MM and describes existing methods of its surgical treatment. Despite progress in ptosis surgery, much remains unsolved. Taking into account the available literature data, it is necessary to further advance histological studying of MM, which will help develop pathogenetically founded surgical treatment of acquired upper eyelid ptosis.