Abstract
It has been known that the immunoglobulin levels were altered in diabetes mellitus (DM) conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of immunoglobulins in DM mice after the administration of Moringa oleifera-Ifalmin® formulation (MI). Streptozotocin, at a dose of 145 mg.kg-1, was injected intraperitoneally to experimental mice to obtain diabetic mice. The groups were divided into normal mice, diabetic mice without treatment, diabetic mice with metformin treatment (307.5 mg.kg-1 BW), and diabetic mice with MI treatment at dose 1 (M:I= 800 mg.kg-1 BW: 800 mg.kg-1 BW), dose 2 (M:I= 615 mg.kg-1 BW: 615 mg.kg-1 BW), and dose 3 (M:I= 800 mg.kg-1 BW: 615 mg.kg-1 BW). Mice were orally treated by MI for 14 days. Subsequently, the levels of immunoglobulin IgM and IgG were evaluated using flow cytometry analysis. IgM and IgG levels were significantly lower in the DM group than the normal group. These results indicated that DM altered immunoglobulin levels. MI treatment for 14 days significantly increased the number of IgM and IgG at the level equivalent to the normal group and significantly different as compared to the DM group. Based on the results, MI can be used as an immunomodulatory agent in humoral immunity through the precise regulation of IgM and IgG.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by high levels of blood glucose [1]
This study proved that oral administration of Moringa oleifera-Ifalmin® formulation (MI) for 14 days in diabetic mice significantly increased the levels of IgM and IgG
These immunomodulatory activities of MI might occur through hypoglycemic activity and antioxidant mechanisms as the decreasing levels of IgM and IgG affected by hyperglycemia and stress oxidative
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by high levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia) [1]. The previous study demonstrated that the levels of immunoglobulin changed in the mice model of diabetes [8]. The use of synthetic hypoglycemic drugs and insulin can cause side effects in DM patients Both drugs and insulin usually target a single pathway of metabolic, which only focuses on hyperglycemia regulation [10]. The efficacy of MO and Ifalmin® formulation in the regulation of IgM and IgG in diabetic mice never been studied. We assumed that MI, based on their nutritional contents, could be used as an alternative treatment in DM This formulation was expected to target some mechanisms in DM conditions, including the regulation of altered immunoglobulins. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of IgM and IgG in mice models of DM
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