Abstract
Hormones control various metabolic traits comprising fat deposition or starvation resistance. Here we show that two invertebrate neurohormones, octopamine (OA) and tyramine (TA) as well as their associated receptors, had a major impact on these metabolic traits. Animals devoid of the monoamine OA develop a severe obesity phenotype. Using flies defective in the expression of receptors for OA and TA, we aimed to decipher the contributions of single receptors for these metabolic phenotypes. Whereas those animals impaired in octß1r, octß2r and tar1 share the obesity phenotype of OA-deficient (tβh-deficient) animals, the octß1r, octß2r deficient flies showed reduced insulin release, which is opposed to the situation found in tβh-deficient animals. On the other hand, OAMB deficient flies were leaner than controls, implying that the regulation of this phenotype is more complex than anticipated. Other phenotypes seen in tβh-deficient animals, such as the reduced ability to perform complex movements tasks can mainly be attributed to the octß2r. Tissue-specific RNAi experiments revealed a very complex interorgan communication leading to the different metabolic phenotypes observed in OA or OA and TA-deficient flies.
Highlights
Hormones are known to have a major impact on various metabolic traits
The fly stocks used in this study were as follows: TDC2Ro54 flies were generously provided by Jay Hirsh (University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Cole et al, 2005), TßHM18 flies were generously provided by Henrike Scholz (University of Cologne, Köln, Germany) and OAMB-defective flies by Kyung-An Han (University of Texas, El Paso, TX, USA; Lee et al, 2003)
TA is the biological precursor of OA, both monoamines act as independent neuroactive compounds in a wide variety of behavioral paradigms
Summary
Hormones are known to have a major impact on various metabolic traits Among these hormones biogenic amines take a special position as they modulate these metabolic traits at different levels. Two of these amines, octopamine (OA) and tyramine (TA) are relevant in invertebrates (Roeder, 1999, 2005). Octopamine (OA) and tyramine (TA) are relevant in invertebrates (Roeder, 1999, 2005) They act as functional equivalents of the vertebrate hormones/transmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine; similar to their roles in vertebrates, in which epinephrine- or norepinephrine-mediated signaling leads to a variety of metabolic changes (Debuyser et al, 1991; Bachman et al, 2002), OA and TA appear to be potent in order to control metabolic traits in invertebrates (Lange, 2009; Li et al, 2016). Only very few neurons in the insect brain produce TA but no OA, making it hard
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