The role of molecular biomarker CDKN-2A in early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

Abstract

10581 Background: Polyps are considered as obligate precancerous disease. The percentage of malignization ranges from 20% in single polyps to 95% in diffuse polyposis. Current research examines the results of the early diagnosis of colon cancer by using the biomarker CDKN2A for development of molecular-biological methods of prognostication. The correlation with the molecular-biological indicators were studied. It is also planned to develop an effective system for development prognostication of CRC and the formation of "risk groups" for evidence-based counselling for families which are highly predisposed to colorectal cancer. Methods: Investigations were carried out in 30 patients during the period 2016-2022, the study included patients with single polyps, multiple polyps, polyposis of the colon, as well as patients without a history of either familial or sporadic cancer. 12 patients had multiple polyps, 9 polyposis and 9 single colon polyps. The levels of methylation of the gene CDKN2A were determined in 10 patients. The material for the isolation of DNA was a serum obtained from venous blood, and biopsy material. DNA extraction was held according to standards. After the conversion of DNA methyl-specific PCR was done. Results: Among 30 patients with polyps and polyposis of the colon, serum gene CDKN2A methylated DNA was detected in 10 patients. In 4 patients malignization of the polyp was determined. If patients without malignization surgical intervention was limited with resection of the intestine without lymph dissection. In 20 patients the test result was negative. We did not perform surgical intervention to these patients and they were sent to dynamic observation. Thus, the diagnostic efficacy of detecting colorectal cancer in early diagnosis of by means of methylated DNA of the gene CDKN2A was - 33.3%. Conclusions: If there is a positive test for methylation of the CDKN2A-gene, the risk of colorectal cancer is considered very high and these patients underwent surgical treatment. Application of the molecular biological marker CDKN2A may be an effective method in early diagnosis of malignization of polyps.