Abstract
Possible pathways of cyanobacterial evolution are discussed on the basis of in silico analysis of the fully sequenced genomes of 45 species/strains of cyanobacteria. Information on the quantity and functions of different mobile elements (IS, MITE elements, and group II introns) has been reviewed. A positive correlation between entire genome sizes and the number of genes that encode transposases has been revealed. It is suggested that transpositions play a significant role in genomic rearrangements and take part in gene regulation and adaptation processes that determine the directions of microevolutionary processes in cyanobacterial populations.
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