Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. RET/PTC rearrangement is the most common genetic modification identified in this category of cancer, increasing proliferation and dedifferentiation by the activation of the RET/PTC-RAS-BRAF-MAPK-ERK signaling pathway. Recently, let-7 miRNA was found to reduce RAS levels, acting as a tumor suppressor gene. Circulating miRNA profiles of the let-7 family may be used as novel noninvasive diagnostic, prognostic, treatment and surveillance markers for PTC.
Highlights
Thyroid cancer is the most widespread endocrine malignancy
MicroRNAs are endogenous, single-stranded, noncoding 18- to 25-nucleotide RNAs. miRNAs are involved in many biological and pathological processes: proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. miRNAs regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level of messenger RNAs by selectively binding to the matching 3-untranslated region (3-UTR) of the target mRNA through base pairing and they prevent the translation process by destroying or blocking the mRNA
Incorrect changes in the expression of miRNA are involved in the initialization, development, and metastasis of human cancer
Summary
Thyroid cancer is the most widespread endocrine malignancy. There are four main varieties of thyroid cancer: papillary (PTC), follicular (FTC), anaplastic (ATC) and medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). The let-7 family (let-7a, let-7b, let-7c, let-7d, let-7e, let-7f, let-7g and let-7i) is a well-known miRNA and is an important tumor suppressor in various cancers. Genes of let-7 are located on different chromosomes and are one of the most expressed miRNAs in normal thyroid glands, suggesting its important role in typical thyroid development and functionality. In all thyroid carcinomas originating from follicular cells, the expression level of the let-7 family is decreased [2,9,10,11]. Normal tissue and cancers are different in expression profiles of circulating miRNAs [5,12]. We briefly summarize the present state of knowledge about the let-7 miRNA family and its biological functions in papillary thyroid cancer. We present current scientific knowledge on the involvement of the let-7 family in the development of PTC
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