The role of mineral fertilizers in increasing the productivity of oats (Avena sativa L.) under changing climatic conditions of the steppe Volga region

Abstract

The results of the effectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers on oat crops in a six-field crop rotation (8 rotations, 24 years of cultivation) under conditions of a long stationary experiment on the chernozem of the southern steppe Volga region are presented. The nature and direction of natural changes in agro-climatic parameters during the period of oat cultivation and the level of their influence on its productivity when applying various doses of mineral fertilizers are determined. During the studied period, there was a tendency to increase the aridity of the climate, which was expressed in a decrease in the values of the hydrothermal coefficient and an increase in the sum of active temperatures. In the experiment, in the period from 1-4 to 5-8 rotation of crop rotation, there was a tendency to increase the average monthly air temperature in July. It was found that these climatic changes contributed to a decrease in the productivity of oats in the experiment. At the same time, the share of increases in relation to the control in the obtained yield values on fertilized variants increased. The most effective were medium and high doses of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers.