Abstract
The study aims to explain the important role of Minangkabau ulamas in the Islamization of the Bugis kingdoms in South Sulawesi. The historical approach was used in this study where the Heuristic activities were carried out to collect the main data. Document analysis of books, papers, journals and other relevant writings and interviews with customary figures were done. The results of the study found that the three ulamas came from Minangkabau and expertise in their respective fields and spread Islam. Datuk ri Bandang, who lived in Gowa had expertised in the field of jurisprudence, taught and propagated Islam by using Islamic sharia as its core teaching. Datuk ri Patimang, who lived in Luwu, had expertise in the field of tawhid, spread Islam by prioritizing the teachings of tawhid. Datuk ri Tiro, who lived in Tiro, had expertise in the field of Sufism, taught and developed Islam with Sufism teachings. It is recommended that the involvement of the three ulamas in Islamization in Gowa and Tallo can be seen in the diversity of the Bugis and Makassar communities.
Highlights
The use of tests in educational or behavioural disciplines is to assess the academic performance or learning outcomes of individuals and to assess curriculum and educational needs of an academic programme (Çokluk et al, 2016)
What is the mean performance of prospective university students in the use of English examination arranged in three different orders (ED, DE, R)?
There is no significant difference in the performance scores of prospective university students' in the use of English examination arranged in three different orders (ED, DE, R). ii
Summary
The use of tests in educational or behavioural disciplines is to assess the academic performance or learning outcomes of individuals and to assess curriculum and educational needs of an academic programme (Çokluk et al, 2016). Decisions can be made from the results of tests for educational advancement or improvement. Test results form a critical decision base to judge the capabilities of different individuals in terms of their knowledge, understanding and skills. To Çokluk et al (2016), test results aid in understanding individuals, employing, placing, selecting, guiding and assessing them. Some scholars warned that individual/organizational test developers, practitioners, and interpreters must develop and implement eligible methods to examine test development and psychometric qualifications (Camilli and Shepard, 1994; Holland and Wainer, 1993)
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