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Abstract
Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is reported in about 1%–2% of pregnant females and is associated with mortality and morbidity. Several genetic and environmental factors might modulate occurrence of EP. Prediction of EP and patients' follow-up is an important task in management of pregnancy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as non-coding RNAs with sizes between 21 and 24 nucleotides have been shown to regulate several aspects of implantation and early fetal life. They have potential role in early detection of EP especially considering their presence in body fluids such as serum. Assessment of their expression in serum might provide a noninvasive method for diagnosis and patients' follow-up. However, data regarding their role in EP is not sufficient due to small sample sizes of the studies. Future studies are required to find miRNAs that regulate expression of EP-associated genes such as VEGFA, EGFR, ESR1 and immune response-related genes to provide new diagnostic biomarkers for EP.
Highlights
Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is defined as occurrence of ovum implantation outside the uterine cavity
In the current mini-review, we have summarized their putative function in the pathophysiology of EP
A retrospective assessment of miRNA levels in pregnant females who referred to the emergency department with vaginal bleeding and/or abdominal pain/cramping has shown lower amounts of miR517a, miR-519d, and miR-525-3p in EP and spontaneous abortion (SA) cases compared with those having viable intrauterine pregnancy (VIP)
Summary
Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is defined as occurrence of ovum implantation outside the uterine cavity. Increased expression of miRNA-31 in human endometrium and serum throughout the window of implantation has potentiated this miRNA as a biomarker for optimal receptivity. Assessment of miRNA profile in pregnant, embryonic-mortality, and control cows has revealed differential expression of 27 mature miRNA.
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