Abstract
Anesthetic preconditioning has been reported to decrease myocardial infarct size after ischemia‐reperfusion injury. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short nucleotide sequences that have been implicated in many different cell signaling pathways via suppression of messenger RNA. In this study, we investigated the effect of anesthetic exposure on miRNA expression in the left ventricle of the rat heart. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 30 min of one minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane. Total RNA was extracted from the left ventricle of the heart and converted to cDNA. Using real‐time PCR, microarray‐based analyses of 88 miRNAs were performed, revealing twenty upregulated miRNAs. One microRNA, miR‐21, has consistently shown a twofold upregulation in hearts exposed to anesthetic. This microRNA has been demonstrated to decrease infarct size in hearts exposed to ischemic preconditioning via its action on heat shock protein 70, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Further investigation into the isoflurane‐induced upregulation of miR‐21 may reveal that miR‐21‐mediated pathways contribute to the preconditioning effect of anesthetics. This work is supported by NIH Grants R01HL034708 and P01GM066730 for Z. Bosnjak.
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