THE ROLE OF MICROBIOTA IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

The gut microbiome is an ecosystem of the digestive system that synthesizes enzymes and vitamins needed for the proper functioning of the digestive process. In addition, it plays a key function in homeostasis between the digestive and immune systems. Abnormalities in the composition of the gut microbiome have been linked to the occurrence of inflammatory bowel diseases. Numerous reports in the literature suggest that microbes, or substances produced by them, can be a treatment in themselves, or an adjunctive treatment in inflammatory bowel diseases. Methods: In our work we used scientific sources such as publications, guidelines and textbooks. Purposes: In this paper we have compiled information on the mechanism of action of the human gut microbiota. Its influence on the immune system, as well as the mechanism of action of processes occurring in the intestinal wall. In addition, we have compiled information on the relationship between the gut microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease alongside potential treatment and effects of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation. Our work focuses mainly on crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. We have discussed their current treatments and the possibilities and effectiveness of probiotic therapy for both diseases. Conclusion: Intestinal flora disorders are observed both in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It is believed that it may also be one of the etiopathogenetic factors of these diseases. It has been noted that the use of probiotics in combination with standard treatment promotes remission in ulcerative colitis but has no effect in patients with Crohn's disease.