Abstract
Novel biomaterials capable of accelerating the healing process of skeletal tissues are urgently needed in dentistry. The present in vivo study assessed the osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties of experimental biphasic bioceramics (HA-TCP) modified or not by a nacre extract (marine organic extract, MOE) in a sheep model. Fabrication of MOE involved mixing ground nacre (0.05 g, particle sizes < 0.1 mm) with glacial ethanoic acid (5 mL, pH 7) for 72 hours using external magnetic stirring (25°C). Nonreactive carriers (sterile polythene tubes; 3/animal, radius: 2.5 mm, length: 10.0 mm) pertaining to the control (empty) or experimental groups (HA-TCP or MOE-modified HA-TCP) were implanted intramuscularly into the abdominal segment of the torso in sheep (n = 8, age: 2 years, weight: 45 kg). Euthanization of animals was performed at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Tissues harvested were subjected to macroscopic and radiographic assessments. Specimens were then stained for histological analysis. Both control and experimental animals were capable of inducing the neoformation of fibrous connective tissue at both time points where superior amounts of tissue formation and mineralization were detected for experimental groups (unaltered (at 3 and 6 mos) and MOE-modified HA-TCP (at 3 mos)). Histological results, however, revealed that mature bone formation was only observed for specimens fabricated with MOE-modified HA-TCP in a time-dependent manner. The present study has successfully demonstrated the in vivo utility of experimental biphasic bioceramics modified by MOE in an ectopic grafting sheep model. Promising osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties must be further developed and confirmed by subsequent research.
Highlights
It is estimated that billions of dollars are spent every year all over the world for the placement of bone defect repairs [1, 2]
Autografts are typically regarded as the gold standard for bone repair because of their high levels of histocompatibility and the presence of a 3-dimensional porous matrix containing essential osteoconductive components [9]. ese types of grafts involve harvesting bone and expensive surgical procedures and have been previously correlated with surgical problems such as morbidity of the donor site, cicatrix, hemorrhage, inflammation, bacterial contamination, and chronic pain [9,10,11,12]
Synthetic bone substitutes are commonly utilized as alternatives to autografts because they are readily available and they eliminate the need for a donor site [13]
Summary
João Cesar Zielak ,1 Ivana Vendramini, Paola Fernanda Cotait de Lucas Corso ,1 Leonardo Luiz Muller ,1 Viviane Rozeira Crivellaro, Sharukh Soli Khajotia, Fernando Luis Esteban Florez ,2 Rafaela Scariot ,1 Mohammed Elsalanty, Tatiana Miranda Deliberador ,1 and Carmen Lucia Mueller Storrer 1. E present in vivo study assessed the osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties of experimental biphasic bioceramics (HA-TCP) modified or not by a nacre extract (marine organic extract, MOE) in a sheep model. Both control and experimental animals were capable of inducing the neoformation of fibrous connective tissue at both time points where superior amounts of tissue formation and mineralization were detected for experimental groups (unaltered (at 3 and 6 mos) and MOE-modified HA-TCP (at 3 mos)). Histological results, revealed that mature bone formation was only observed for specimens fabricated with MOE-modified HA-TCP in a time-dependent manner. E present study has successfully demonstrated the in vivo utility of experimental biphasic bioceramics modified by MOE in an ectopic grafting sheep model. Promising osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties must be further developed and confirmed by subsequent research
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