Abstract
ABSTRACT The poultry nutritionists constantly attempt to identify and alleviate the factors responsible for adverse effects on nutrient utilization and production performance in avian species, which are necessary for successful productivity of poultry. Enhanced feed utilization can reduce levels of some nutrients in the diet with concomitant mitigation in nutrient excretion into the environment, reduction of eutrophication and acidification potentials of excreta. Commercial enzymes have been used to improve feed efficiency and utilization in poultry. Among many anti-nutritional factors, the existence of s-mannans in poultry feed ingredients including soybean and other leguminous seeds has been associated with negative effects on nutrient digestibility and high intestinal viscosity that adversely affects innate immunity and microbial proliferation in poultry gut. The s-mannanase (a commercial product named as Hemicell) can hydrolyze s-mannan, an anti-nutritional fiber present in many poultry feed ingredients. Supplement of s-mannanase to s-mannan-rich diets may boost the population of intestinal beneficial bacteria, increase the digestibility of mannans, enhance the immunity, suppresses the growth of harmful intestinal bacteria, enhance the digestion and absorption of nutrients in intestinal tracts and reduce the environmental pollution due to poultry excreta. Supplementation of β-mannanase at the level of 200 and 400 mg/kg in poultry diets has positively improved blood glucose and anabolic hormone homeostasis, FCR, digestible energy, and digestible amino acids. This review describes the promising beneficial effects of β-mannanase, which may be used in the poultry feed industry for economic benefits. Another objective of this review is to explore the underlying mechanisms of s-mannanase that can influence growth, digestion coefficients of nutrients, health and metabolism of nutrients in poultry birds and also the knowledge regarding the useful application of this feed enzyme in the commercial poultry feed industry.
Highlights
It is imperative to identify factors that inhibit the digestibility of nutrients for successful commercial poultry production
Among the non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), β-mannans are a group of hemicelluloses, which are present in many ingredients used for poultry feeds like soybean and other leguminous seeds
The better production performance may be associated with more energy availability by enzyme addition, since it minimizes the viscosity of the intestine by acting on the NSPs, allowing for better absorption of nutrient, thereby favoring higher body weight gain
Summary
It is imperative to identify factors that inhibit the digestibility of nutrients for successful commercial poultry production. The negative impacts of B- mannans on poultry performance were attributed to low digestibility of nutrients and high intestinal viscosity that adversely affects the immune response and microbial proliferation in the gut as well as growth and carcass traits. The published study demonstrated that β-mannanase supplemented at the level of (200 or 400/ton) improved the ileal digestible energy (IDE), reduced intestinal viscosity, and improved growth performance of broiler chicken (Latham et al, 2017). The findings from several researchers have shown increased utilization of nutrients in low β-mannans corn-soybean diets and other feed ingredients like copra and guar meal which are rich in mannan as a response to Hemicell supplementation. The better production performance may be associated with more energy availability by enzyme addition, since it minimizes the viscosity of the intestine by acting on the NSPs, allowing for better absorption of nutrient, thereby favoring higher body weight gain. In the study of Zangiabadi et al (2010) broiler chickens fed on soybean or whole soy bean diets and added with β-mannanase at 350 g/kg revealed beneficial effects on performance and immunity. El-Masry et al (2017) pointed out that guar meal could be used in broiler diets at 5% with β-mannanase enzyme without negative impacts on the growth rate, feed efficiency and blood parameters
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