Abstract
Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system and participate in numerous cell biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration and apoptosis. Thus, lysosomes play important roles in cellular activity. In addition, previous studies have shown that lysosomes may play important roles in cancer development and progression through the abovementioned biological processes and that the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes are closely related to cancer cell proliferation, energy metabolism, invasion and metastasis, immune escape and tumor-associated angiogenesis. Therefore, identifying the factors and mechanisms that regulate the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes and elucidating the relationship between lysosomes and the development and progression of cancer can provide important information for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction and may yield new therapeutic targets. This study briefly reviews the above information and explores the potential value of lysosomes in cancer therapy.
Highlights
Introduction to the lysosome Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-inducing factors can downregulate the expression of E-cadherin on the plasma membrane of cancer cells by promoting the degradation of E-cadherin in lysosomes and inhibiting recycling, which suggests that the lysosomal degradation pathway promotes invasion and metastasis [84]
Real-time monitoring and determining the functional status of lysosomes may facilitate the development of precise personalized treatment regimens
Summary
Introduction to the lysosome Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system. In addition to the degradation of substances, lysosomes are proposed to be involved in numerous cell biological processes, including intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, antigen presentation, cell adhesion/ migration, apoptosis, metabolic signal transduction, exosome release, and gene expression regulation [1, 34].
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