The role of lymphadenectomy in the management of preoperative grade 1 endometrial carcinoma

Abstract

Objective We sought to assess the accuracy of a preoperative grade 1 designation and role of lymphadenectomy in women with preoperative grade 1 endometrial cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with preoperative grade 1 endometrial cancer from 1970 to 2006 was conducted. Inclusion criteria were preoperative grade 1 disease and hysterectomy with or without surgical staging. Results 581 patients who underwent surgery for preoperative grade 1 cancer were identified. Lymphadenectomy was performed in 46%. Pelvic and aortic node metastases were identified in 5.4% and 3.2% patients who underwent lymphadenectomy. 9.7% were upgraded intraoperatively and 25% were upgraded on final pathology with 22% having grade 2 and 3% grade 3 disease. 22.5% with grade 1 disease intraoperatively were upgraded on final pathology, with 21.1% having grade 2 and 1.4% grade 3 disease. 9% had advanced stage disease. 20% of patients with disease limited to the uterus had adverse features including high risk histologic variants, grade 3 disease, myometrial invasion > 1/2, and/or cervical involvement. After adjusting for risk factors there was no significant difference in OS (HR 1.00, p = 0.992) or PFS (HR 0.96, p = 0.815) between the patients who did or did not undergo surgical staging. Conclusion A substantial number of patients with grade 1 endometrial cancer based on preoperative and intraoperative assessments have higher grade disease on final pathology. Although lymphadenectomy does not affect survival in this group it may identify patients with advanced disease and assist in tailoring adjuvant therapy for those with adverse risk factors.