Abstract

Lung ultrasound makes use of artifacts generated by the ratio of air and fluid in the lung. Recently, an enormous increase of research regarding lung ultrasound emerged, especially in intensive care units. The use of lung ultrasound on the neonatal intensive care unit enables the clinician to gain knowledge about the respiratory condition of the patients, make quick decisions, and reduces exposure to ionizing radiation. In this narrative review, the possibilities of lung ultrasound for the stabilization and resuscitation of the neonate using the ABCDE algorithm will be discussed.

Highlights

  • On a daily basis, neonatologists are confronted with the challenging task of achieving the optimal care for term and preterm neonates

  • We focus on point of care lung ultrasound (LUS) examinations performed by neonatologists in the intensive care setting, we chose the term neonatologist-performed-LUS (NPLUS) in analogy to the common term of neonatologist-performed echocardiography (NPE)

  • Our goal is to provide recommendations about the use of NPLUS especially for the critically ill neonate using the ABCDE algorithm

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Summary

Introduction

Neonatologists are confronted with the challenging task of achieving the optimal care for term and preterm neonates. The stressful situation of resuscitation of infants often requires quick and decisive action with potentially crucial decisions regarding the current condition, and the long-term outcome of the patient, based on limited information The majority of these emergency situations in neonatology are respiratory conditions, often during the process of neonatal transition [1,2]. We started using a standardized LUS protocol, starting first in Vienna in 2016 [8], since LUS has been proven to be an effective, reliable, cheap—and frankly—a reasonably easy way to gain knowledge about the respiratory condition of a patient [3,9,10] In this narrative review we want to share our insights, experiences and evidence-based information about the benefits of LUS in the management of the critically ill neonate. Our goal is to provide recommendations about the use of NPLUS especially for the critically ill neonate using the ABCDE algorithm

A—Airway
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Assisted Ventilation
Assessment of Laryngeal Anatomy
Laryngeal Mask
Tracheal Intubation
Ultrasound Guided Tracheal Intubation
Airway Obstruction
NPLUS in the Delivery Room
Infants with Respiratory Distress
Meconium Aspiration
Pneumothorax
NPLUS in Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Pneumonia
Diaphragm Movement
Congenital Malformations
C—Circulation
Findings
Future Perspectives and Limitations
Full Text
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