Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common liver malignancy with high morbidity and poor prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in crucial biological processes of tumorigenesis and progression, and play four major regulatory roles, namely signal, decoy, guide, and scaffold, to regulate gene expression. Through these processes, lncRNAs can target microRNAs (miRNAs) to form lncRNA and miRNA networks, which regulate cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, and the tumor microenvironment. Here, we summarize the multifaceted functions of lncRNA and miRNA networks in the pathogenesis of HCC, the potential use of diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, and novel therapeutic targets in HCC. This review also highlights the regulatory effects of lncRNA and miRNA networks in the tumor microenvironment of HCC.
Highlights
Hepatocellular Carcinoma and ItsHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common liver malignancy with high morbidity and poor prognosis
We summarize the multifaceted functions of Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and miRNA networks underlying the pathogenesis of HCC, the potential use of diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, and novel therapeutic targets in HCC
MIR22HG was reported to decrease in HCC tissues and predict the poor prognosis of HCC patients, as it functions as a tumor suppressor and inhibits cell proliferation and invasion by sponging miRNA-10a-5p to upregulate nuclear receptor co-repressor 2 (NCOR2) expression [67]. miR10a-5p is reported to promote HCC cell growth, migration, and invasion [67]
Summary
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common liver malignancy with high morbidity and poor prognosis. Risk factors, including hepatitis virus (hepatitis B virus, HBV or hepatitis C virus, HCV) infection, alcohol abuse, metabolic liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and exposure to dietary toxins (aflatoxins and aristolochic acid), vary from region to region [1,2]. These risk factors provoke an inflammatory response and liver injury, which promotes liver fibrosis, epigenetic changes during hepatocyte renewal, and microenvironment changes [3,4]. We summarize the multifaceted functions of lncRNA and miRNA networks underlying the pathogenesis of HCC, the potential use of diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, and novel therapeutic targets in HCC
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