The role of local institutions in governance of MPAs

Abstract

In recent years, marine protected areas (MPAs) have been perceived as a major tool to enhance marine conservation. The range of institutional approaches as well as the range of goals in defining and managing MPAs generates a diversity of ecological, social and economic outcomes. Using Tanzania as a case study, this paper examines the role of village liaison committees (VLCs) as an institutional approach to MPA management in addressing socio-ecological objectives. The main research question is how VLCs affect the success of biodiversity conservation and resource management objectives. Six VLCs from one of the three marine parks in Tanzania were randomly selected for this study. Data was collected through household interviews, key informants interviews, and focus group discussions with selected members of each of the VLCs chosen, and from MPA managers, village leaders, marine resource users, members of NGOs and researchers. The data collected was triangulated with secondary sources from published materials and with information generated during participant observation. The findings show that during the beginning of establishment of the park VLCs mobilised much greater participation and were viewed as effective conduits to MPA activities. However, the active participation of individual members within VLCs decreased with time due to unforeseen outcomes of marine conservation. Over 70% of survey respondents reported that the active role of VLCs to support the park activities has decreased significantly. This study demonstrates how institutional approaches in MPA governance are often poorly translated and adapted to fit the local context they are introduced to.