Abstract
ABSTRACTThe ability to recognize temporal patterns and position events in time emerges during the preschool years and is refined in middle childhood. This study explored individual differences in temporal cognition in relation to verbal and nonverbal abilities. Children (30 boys, 32 girls; Mage = 8;2, age range = 6;0−10;8) completed 3 temporal-cognition tasks measuring estimation of temporal distance (how far events are from the present), knowledge of conventional times of events (specific days or months of events), and flexibility in using the calendar system (arranging nonconsecutive months in order), along with assessments of nonverbal intelligence, verbal short-term memory, visual-spatial working memory, receptive vocabulary, receptive grammar, and reading mastery. Controlling for age, performance across temporal-cognition tasks correlated with language abilities; nonverbal abilities accounted for little to no additional variance. The findings link language skills with the acquisition of conventional time patterns; such patterns developed alongside the ability to gauge distances of events in the past or future and form an organized timeline.
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