Abstract
It is well known that various insects respond to environmental stimuli by entering diapause or exhibiting phase variation. In lepidopterous insects, for example, mature larval diapause of both the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis and European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis is mainly induced by a short day photoperiod (SD), while under a long day photoperiod (LD) almost all larvae fail to enter diapause (Inouye and Kamano, 1957; Beck, 1962). Similar photoperiodic responses were observed in the cabbage armyworm, Mamestra brassicae. In this insect, pupal diapause was mainly induced by SD conditions during the larval period (Matsumoto et al., 1953). On the other hand, it was shown in both the common armyworm, Leucania separata and the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura that larval characters are varied with the density of population (Iwao, 1962).
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