Abstract
During root canal irrigation, we aim for the chemical dissolution or disruption and the mechanical detachment and removal of pulp tissue, dentin debris and smear layer (instrumentation products), microorganisms (planktonic or biofilm), and their products out of the root canal system. The different endodontic irrigation systems have their own irrigant flow characteristics, which should fulfill these aims. Flow (convection) promotes the distribution of irrigants through the root canal system. However without flow, the irrigant has to be distributed through diffusion which is slow and depends on temperature and concentration gradients. During the flow of irrigants, frictional forces will occur between the irrigant and the root canal wall (wall shear stress). These frictional forces participate in the mechanical cleaning of the root canal walls. This chapter describes the typical flow of irrigants produced by different irrigation systems including their related wall shear stress. Furthermore, the influence of flow on the chemical effect of the irrigants, including the effect on the biofilm (disinfection), will be discussed.
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