Abstract
Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) are unique in combining the electrochemical properties of ion exchange resins and the permeability of a membrane. They are being used widely to treat industrial effluents, and in seawater and brackish water desalination. Membrane Capacitive Deionisation (MCDI) is an emerging, energy efficient technology for brackish water desalination in which these ion-exchange membranes act as selective gates allowing the transport of counter-ions toward carbon electrodes. This article provides a summary of recent developments in the preparation, characterization, and performance of ion exchange membranes in the MCDI field. In some parts of this review, the most relevant literature in the area of electrodialysis (ED) is also discussed to better elucidate the role of the ion exchange membranes. We conclude that more work is required to better define the desalination performance of the proposed novel materials and cell designs for MCDI in treating a wide range of feed waters. The extent of fouling, the development of cleaning strategies, and further techno-economic studies, will add value to this emerging technique.
Highlights
An ion-exchange membrane consists of a polymer matrix in which ionic groups are fixed to the polymeric backbone
This article has provided an overview of the current status of Membrane Capacitive Deionisation (MCDI), with a focus on the role of the ion exchange membrane in this process
Recent developments in the area of composite electrodes, novel Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs), performance metrics, fouling and cleaning, and innovative configurations of MCDI were discussed in details
Summary
An ion-exchange membrane consists of a polymer matrix in which ionic groups are fixed to the polymeric backbone. 3 ofthe passage of cations and a cation-exchange membrane is placed in front of the cathode to reject the anions [15] This approach significantly limits the co-ion adsorption. It allows for the electrical cation-exchange membrane placed in front of the cathode to reject anions [15]. This approach charge to be reversed duringisthe regeneration cycle, rather than beingthe turned off. It allows for the electrical charge to be reversed during [16] found that MCDI can be more energy efficient than Reverse Osmosis (RO) technology, when the the cycle, rather simplySolids turned(TDS).
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