The Role of Intelligence Tests in the Assessment of Intellectual Disabilities

Abstract

This chapter reviews the role intelligence tests have played in the assessment of intellectual disabilities (ID). This long-standing relationship has existed for over a century. The evolution of the diagnostic nomenclature for ID can be traced in the historical tapestry that has developed from the study of intelligence over time. Beginning with Binet’s first intelligence test, this chapter provides readers with an understanding of the historical origins of intelligence tests and the forces that have shaped their development. An overview of contemporary theory and measures used to assess intellectual capacities in children and adolescents are offered. Diagnostic and clinical implications associated with selecting and interpreting these instruments for use with the ID population are also explored.