Abstract
The paper analyzes currently applied methodological approaches to evaluating the speciation of metals in natural waters and presents literature data and original author’s experimental results on the forms of metals in natural waters in various natural–climatic zones in Russia and other countries. Data are presented on the geochemical specifics of the distribution of metals between their forms in lakes RF.
Highlights
Analysis of natural waters for specification of metals is limited by the sensitivity and nonselectivity of most of the analytical techniques and by the complicated character of the material to be analyzed
Lake waters are characterized by variations in the speciation of chemical elements and changes in the states of the components, which are controlled by the presence of natural reactive barriers [1]
Our experimental studies of the qualitative composition of humic and fulvic acids in various natural climatic zones in the European part of Russia (ER) and western Siberia (WS) show significant differences in the concentrations of active functional groups of organic compounds [5]
Summary
Analysis of natural waters for specification of metals is limited by the sensitivity and nonselectivity of most of the analytical techniques and by the complicated character of the material to be analyzed. Lake waters are characterized by variations in the speciation of chemical elements and changes in the states of the components, which are controlled by the presence of natural reactive barriers [1]. Certain features of natural climatic zones in which organic compounds are formed are responsible for variations in the proportions of subfractions (humic and fulvic acids) in these compounds and for specific sets of functional groups and fractals in the structural matrix of the polymer. The allochthon compounds of natural waters are humic and fulvic acids (mixture of humic acids), whose molecular weights are lower than in soils They are washed off the catchment areas according to their solubility and have the same proportions of active end-groups and aromatic structures as in soil humus. Our work was centered on systematization of approaches currently applied in studying the forms of metals in natural waters and on identification of factors that are related to natural climatic zones and can affect the forms of metals in waters
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