Abstract
This review discusses formation of reactive halogen species (RHS) catalyzed by myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme mostly present in leukocytes. An imbalance between the RHS production and body's ability to remove or neutralize them leads to the development of halogenative stress. RHS reactions with proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and antioxidants in the content of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) of the human blood are described. MPO binds site-specifically to the LDL surface and modifies LDL properties and structural organization, which leads to the LDL conversion into proatherogenic forms captured by monocytes/macrophages, which causes accumulation of cholesterol and its esters in these cells and their transformation into foam cells, the basis of atherosclerotic plaques. The review describes the biomarkers of MPO enzymatic activity and halogenative stress, as well as the involvement of the latter in the development of atherosclerosis.
Highlights
The “cholesterol theory” of atherosclerosis, who postulat ed that “there is no atherosclerosis without cholesterol” [2], the main efforts in atherosclerosis therapy and pre vention have been directed at normalizing the concentra tion of total cholesterol in the plasma
This review summarizes the data on the effects of MPO, reactive halogen species (RHS), and halogenative stress on low density lipoprotein (LDL) properties increasing their atherogenicity and responsible for the formation of atherosclerotic lesion in the vascular wall
It was suggested that this difference was due to the site specific modification of apolipoprotein B 100 (ApoB100) after MPO binding to the LDL surface or by a consid erable increase in the MPO activity upon enzyme binding to the LDL
Summary
Alexej Victorovich Sokolov Russian Academy of Medical Sciences 137 PUBLICATIONS 1,230 CITATIONS. Some of the authors of this publication are working on these related projects: Regulation of redox properties in cells View project evaluation of myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury during on and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting View project. All content following this page was uploaded by Alexej Victorovich Sokolov on 19 February 2020. RHS reactions with proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and antioxi dants in the content of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) of the human blood are described. The main transport form of cholesterol and choles terol esters in human blood is low density lipoproteins (LDLs). The concept of modified LDLs (mLDLs) different from the LDLs in the plasma of healthy individuals with a known content and ratio of
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