The Role of Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by chronic inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. Emerging research underscores the pivotal role of alterations in gut microbiota composition and function in driving IBD pathogenesis. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of the intricate mechanisms governing the interplay between the gut microbiota and the host immune system, elucidating their contribution to IBD development and progression. Furthermore, we provide in-depth analysis and synthesis of the therapeutic opportunities presented by targeting the gut microbiota for IBD management. Specifically, we explore the application of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and microbial-based therapies in the field of IBD studies. Each therapeutic modality is examined for its potential in modulating the gut microbiota and restoring microbial balance, thereby alleviating inflammation and ameliorating IBD symptoms. By elucidating these therapeutic opportunities and their applications in IBD research, this review not only enhances our understanding of IBD pathophysiology but also informs the development of innovative treatment strategies aimed at improving patient outcomes and enhancing quality of life.