Abstract
The change in gut microbiota is an important mechanism of the amelioration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after bariatric surgery. Here, we observe that the modified jejunoileal bypass effectively decreases body weight gain, fasting blood glucose, and lipids level in serum; additionally, islet β-cell function, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance were markedly ameliorated. The hypoglycemic effect and the improvement in islet β-cell function depend on the changes in gut microbiota structure. modified jejunoileal bypass increases the abundance of gut Escherichia coli and Ruminococcus gnavus and the levels of serum glycine, histidine, and glutamine in T2DM rats; and decreases the abundance of Prevotella copri and the levels of serum branched chain amino acids, which are significantly related to the improvement of islet β-cell function in T2DM rats. Our results suggest that amino acid metabolism may contribute to the islet β-cell function in T2DM rats after modified jejunoileal bypass and that improving gut microbiota composition is a potential therapeutic strategy for T2DM.
Highlights
The change in gut microbiota is an important mechanism of the amelioration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after bariatric surgery
Our study showed that the abundance of gut Escherichia coli and Ruminococcus gnavus, and serum glycine increased significantly after side-to-side jejunoileal bypass plus proximal loop ligation (SSJIBL), accompanied by a significant decrease in the abundance of gut Prevotella copri and branched chain amino acids’ (BCAAs) levels, which has been significantly related to improvement in glucose metabolism
There was no significant difference in body weight between the 2 groups at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after operation; but at 4, 5, and 6 weeks after operation, the body weight of SSJIBL rats was significantly lower than that of Sham rats (Fig. 1B)
Summary
The change in gut microbiota is an important mechanism of the amelioration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after bariatric surgery. Modified jejunoileal bypass increases the abundance of gut Escherichia coli and Ruminococcus gnavus and the levels of serum glycine, histidine, and glutamine in T2DM rats; and decreases the abundance of Prevotella copri and the levels of serum branched chain amino acids, which are significantly related to the improvement of islet β-cell function in T2DM rats. We have observed that SSJIBL effectively reduced body weight gain and blood lipid levels and significantly improved glucose tolerance and islet β-cell function of T2DM rats (Goto-Kakizaki [GK] rats) in a time-dependent manner. Our study showed that the abundance of gut Escherichia coli and Ruminococcus gnavus, and serum glycine increased significantly after SSJIBL, accompanied by a significant decrease in the abundance of gut Prevotella copri and branched chain amino acids’ (BCAAs) levels, which has been significantly related to improvement in glucose metabolism
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