Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system, and their conventional treatment involves maximal safe surgical resection combined with radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy; however, this treatment does not meet the requirements of patients in terms of survival and quality of life. Graphene oxide (GO) has excellent physical and chemical properties and plays an important role in the treatment of gliomas mainly through four applications, viz. direct killing, drug delivery, immunotherapy, and phototherapy. This article reviews research on GO nanocarriers in the treatment of gliomas in recent years and also highlights new ideas for the treatment of these tumors.
Highlights
Glioma, originating from neuroectodermal cells, is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system and is aggressive and lethal
Nanocarriers are pharmaceutically–relevant colloidal systems with sizes in the range of 1–1000 nm. These colloidal systems are capable of treating tumors through direct action or their ability to as drug delivery systems [15, 16]. The applicability of these nanocarriers in tumor targeting and treatment is accomplished through the following: 1) loading anti-tumor drugs through their ability to act as drug delivery systems, 2) functional modification of the drug-loaded nanoparticles by adding targeting ligands, and 3) using specific physics, chemistry, or biological methods to release the drug in the appropriate amount to exert the
The surfaces of Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO) contain a large number of oxygencontaining functional groups such as carboxyl, epoxy, and hydroxyl groups, which can be chemically modified as active sites [21]
Summary
Glioma, originating from neuroectodermal cells, is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system and is aggressive and lethal. Tumor treating fields (TTF) is a newly approved therapeutic approach in high-grade gliomas patients, which is both effective and safe [11]. Nanocarriers are pharmaceutically–relevant colloidal systems with sizes in the range of 1–1000 nm These colloidal systems are capable of treating tumors through direct action or their ability to as drug delivery systems [15, 16]. The applicability of these nanocarriers in tumor targeting and treatment is accomplished through the following: 1) loading anti-tumor drugs through their ability to act as drug delivery systems, 2) functional modification of the drug-loaded nanoparticles by adding targeting ligands, and 3) using specific physics, chemistry, or biological methods to release the drug in the appropriate amount to exert the. Research on GO and GO nanocarriers has gradually become a hot topic in recent years [19]
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