The role of goats in the world: Society, science, and sustainability

Abstract

The role of goats in nutrition, health, and food security is underscored by the continuous increase in global production and consumption of goat milk and meat. The goat sector is diversified as people from a wider geographical distribution area are consuming milk and meat from goats. The goat industry will continue to experience structural changes that will impact society, the economy, and the environment. Production efficiency and global per capita consumption of goat milk and meat, however, lag behind some major livestock species. Scientific and technological developments in nutrition, genetics, reproduction, health and management remain critical for a viable goat sector in the future. The global dichotomy of goat production systems, from subsistence to industrialized, present a challenge of a uniformed strategy and direction for sustainable production. Animal welfare, environmental preservation, product safety, and health benefits are important considerations in consuming and producing organic goat products. Goat production can be part of the solution for the assuagement of food insecurity and malnutrition. Leverage biological, metabolic, behavioral, social and economic advantages of goats can alleviate poverty in the most vulnerable regions in the world.