Year-end Sale % OFF 
Abstract
This review highlights recent findings about the role that endothelial glycocalyx and caveolae play in vascular homeostasis. We describe the structure, synthesis, and function of glycocalyx and caveolae in vascular cells under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Special focus will be given in glycocalyx and caveolae that are associated with impaired production of nitric oxide (NO) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Such alterations could contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, and hypertension.
Highlights
The role that endothelium plays in modulating the vascular tone includes the synthesis and release of several vasoactive substances, especially the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) (Cahill and Redmond, 2016)
Endothelial NO synthase is responsible for the synthesis of most of the NO that is produced in endothelial cells (ECs) (Zhao et al, 2015). eNOS is localized on domains named caveolae, which are spread over the entire ECs surface (Shaul, 2003)
The organization and function of glycocalyx and caveolae might be altered in atherosclerosis and hypertension, which results in release of deleterious reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contribute to these pathological conditions
Summary
The role that endothelium plays in modulating the vascular tone includes the synthesis and release of several vasoactive substances, especially the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) (Cahill and Redmond, 2016). The glycocalyx components transform mechanical signals into biochemical signals, to activate eNOS (Florian et al, 2003; Pahakis et al, 2007), thereby contributing to vascular homeostasis (Alphonsus and Rodseth, 2014). Shedding of glycocalyx and changes in the structure of caveolae decreases eNOS activity, which reduces NO bioavailability and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Kumagai et al, 2009; Potje et al, 2019). Both consequences are associated with cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. The organization and function of glycocalyx and caveolae might be altered in atherosclerosis and hypertension, which results in release of deleterious ROS that contribute to these pathological conditions
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
