Abstract
Background and Objectives. The primary function of platelets is to prevent bleeding. The use of UV-C light in the treatment of platelets has become a valuable method for preserving the efficacy of platelet concentrates in blood banks. However, its deleterious effect remains, such as the activation of platelets, thus causing the platelets to lose their physiological function. In this study, we intended to demonstrate the impact of UV-C on platelets and how the use of glutamine could mitigate the loss of physiological function of the platelets caused by UV-C. Materials and Methods. This study was conducted using mouse platelets. We assessed calcium signaling using Fura-2 AM incubation and dense granule secretion of the platelets using luminescence assay by measuring ATP. At the molecular level, the activation of integrin using PAC-1 antibody was analyzed. Phosphorylation of immune-precipitated cPLA2 was assessed using a specific antibody. All the experiments were carried out with or without glutamine in the presence of UV-C. Positive and negative controls were used in all experiments to validate the findings. Results. We have demonstrated that physiological and biochemical damage arises as a result of the exposure of platelet concentrate to UV-C and that the use of glutamine could alleviate this damage. Various experiments, thrombus formation, integrin activation, and phosphorylation of cPLA2 were preserved using 50 mM of glutamine in the presence of UV-C, which reduces 50% of platelet viability. Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that the storage of platelet concentrates under the UV-C activates their physiological process and renders them to the thrombus formation, hence decreasing their viability. The presence of a moderate amount of glutamine can alleviate the toxic effect of UV-C, and platelet concentrates could be kept viable for a long time.
Highlights
Platelets are tiny cellular fragments of large bone marrow cells. ey make up only a minute fraction of the total blood volume. e primary function of platelets is to prevent bleeding.Platelet storage in blood banks could lead to bacterial contamination and activation upon agitation, causing the platelets to lose their physiological function
In order to assess whether glutamine could be toxic to the platelets, we used the viability assay (Figure 1(a)) depicting the nontoxic effect of glutamine on platelets
Having demonstrated the noncytotoxic effect of glutamine on the platelets, it was imperative to show if this dose of glutamine would impair the physiological functions of platelets
Summary
Platelet storage in blood banks could lead to bacterial contamination and activation upon agitation, causing the platelets to lose their physiological function. E use of broad-spectrum wavelength MirasolTM Pathogen Reduction Technology System of ultraviolet (UV) light (UV-A (60%), UV-B (100%), and UV-C (20%)), in the presence of a photosensitizer riboflavin, has been widely adopted all over the world as the standard procedure for the prevention of bacterial and viral contamination [1]. E use of UV-C light in the treatment of platelets has become a valuable method for preserving the efficacy of platelet concentrates in blood banks. We have demonstrated that physiological and biochemical damage arises as a result of the exposure of platelet concentrate to UV-C and that the use of glutamine could alleviate this damage. Thrombus formation, integrin activation, and phosphorylation of cPLA2 were preserved using 50 mM of glutamine in the presence of UV-C, which reduces 50% of platelet viability. Our study demonstrates that the storage of platelet concentrates under the UV-C activates their physiological process and renders them to the thrombus formation, decreasing their viability. e presence of a moderate amount of glutamine can alleviate the toxic effect of UV-C, and platelet concentrates could be kept viable for a long time
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