Abstract
According to recent literature, genotoxicity is one of the important causes of infertility and the rising incidence of various cancers worldwide. DNA damage and its effect on DNA segregation are the mechanisms by which genotoxicity causes infertility or carcinogenesis. In this article, we discuss about genotoxicity and the various chemicals and environmental pollutants that cause genetic damage and their mechanisms of action. Hazardous effects of chemicals and pollutants can be evaluated by various genotoxicity and mutagenicity tests. These are important and initial steps in industrial development and the regulation of their effect on health. The detailed knowledge of the effects of genotoxins on fertility at the molecular, subcellular, cellular and tissue or organ system levels is crucial for a better understanding of occupational and environmental hazards and the need to find safe alternatives. In addition, new biomarkers using OMICS can render genotoxicity evaluation to decrease the infertility and cancer risk.
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