Abstract
BackgroundThe prevalence of smoking in Spain is high in both men and women. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of gender in the effectiveness of a specific smoking cessation intervention conducted in Spain.MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis of a cluster randomized clinical trial in which the randomization unit was the Basic Care Unit (family physician and nurse who care for the same group of patients). The intervention consisted of a six-month period of implementing the recommendations of a Clinical Practice Guideline. A total of 2,937 current smokers at 82 Primary Care Centers in 13 different regions of Spain were included (2003-2005). The success rate was measured by a six-month continued abstinence rate at the one-year follow-up. A logistic mixed-effects regression model, taking Basic Care Units as random-effect parameter, was performed in order to analyze gender as a predictor of smoking cessation.ResultsAt the one-year follow-up, the six-month continuous abstinence quit rate was 9.4% in men and 8.5% in women (p = 0.400). The logistic mixed-effects regression model showed that women did not have a higher odds of being an ex-smoker than men after the analysis was adjusted for confounders (OR adjusted = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.7-1.2).ConclusionsGender does not appear to be a predictor of smoking cessation at the one-year follow-up in individuals presenting at Primary Care Centers.ClinicalTrials.gov IdentifierNCT00125905.
Highlights
The prevalence of smoking in Spain is high in both men and women
The control group received usual care, including smoking cessation counseling offered in primary care to patients with diseases related to tobacco consumption
This study focused on the role of gender as a potential predictor of smoking cessation after controlling for potential confounders such as age and amount smoked, among other variables
Summary
The prevalence of smoking in Spain is high in both men and women. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of gender in the effectiveness of a specific smoking cessation intervention conducted in Spain. In Spain, there were 53,155 deaths attributable to tobacco use in 2006 (14.7% of all deaths occurred in individuals > = 35 years), 47,174 in men and 5,981 in women [3]. Global tobacco consumption has decreased progressively in Spain; tobacco consumption remains high. According to data from 2006, 21.5% of women and 31.6% of men older than 16 were current smokers in Spain [4]. Until the 1970s, the prevalence of smoking in women was lower than 5%.
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