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Abstract
Temperature is known to affect the fretting wear behaviour of metals; generally, a critical temperature is observed, above which there are substantial reductions in wear rate, with these being associated with the development of protective oxide beds in the fretting contact. This work has examined the gross-sliding fretting behaviour of a stainless steel as a function of bulk temperature and fretting frequency (with changes in the fretting frequency altering the frictional power dissipated in the contact amongst other things). An analytical model has been developed which has suggested that at 200Hz, an increase in the contact temperature of more than 70°C can be expected, associated with the high frictional power dissipation at this frequency (compared to that dissipated at a fretting frequency of 20Hz). With the bulk temperature at either room temperature or 275°C, the increase in contact temperature does not result in a transition across the critical temperature (and thus fretting behaviour at these temperatures is relatively insensitive to fretting frequency). However, with a bulk temperature of 150°C, the increase in temperature associated with the increased frictional power dissipation at the higher frequency results in the critical temperature being exceeded, and in significant differences in fretting behaviour.
Highlights
Fretting is the small amplitude oscillation between two bodies in contact which occurs in a wide variety of mechanical systems
A significant decrease in wear rate was observed at both frequencies at temperatures between 150 1C and 275 1C, which is in accord with the literature regarding fretting of stainless steel at elevated temperatures [4,5]
At room temperature and 150 1C, the net wear rate associated with high frequency tests are close to half of those associated with the tests conducted at the lower frequency
Summary
Fretting is the small amplitude oscillation between two bodies in contact which occurs in a wide variety of mechanical systems. The amplitude of fretting is small (o 300 mm), fretting can cause serious damage including wear and fatigue. It has been stated that over 50 parameters can influence behaviour in fretting [1]; amongst them, the temperature of the contact has been identified as having a significant influence on both the rate and mechanism of damage in fretting. As the fretting frequency increases, the temperature within the contact will increase, and it is argued that this will affect the debris formation and debris retention within the contact by mechanisms similar to those proposed when the role of ambient temperature has been considered. A general reduction of wear rate has been found with increasing fretting frequency in previous studies [6,7,8]. Frequency was chosen as the main controlling parameter as (all other things being equal) the frictional power dissipation is proportional to fretting frequency; this is in contrast to changes in load (which will affect the tractional force required for sliding of the contact, and will change the slip amplitude as well as the frictional force) and changes in displacement amplitude (which will affect the frictional power dissipation but will affect the area over which that frictional power is dissipated); variations in the frequency provide the simplest route to understanding the role of dissipated frictional power density on the temperature and subsequent fretting behaviour of such a contact
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