Abstract
For original paper see ibid. vol.20, p.915, (1987). The authors show that energy fluctuations, and thus the higher-order moments of energy, contain essential information and cannot be neglected even in the thermodynamical limit. In contrast with some of Jaworski's statements, they point out how all the thermodynamical properties depend in a crucial way on the fluctuations on the basis of realistic physical assumptions. Indeed, phenomenological thermodynamics allows one to conclude that the Gibbs canonical distribution is the only possible probability distribution which does not violate the second principle. It follows that the knowledge of the free energy as a function of temperature beta -1 is equivalent to that of the probability law governing fluctuations. This probability law is therefore a characteristic of a body which can be investigated by measuring either energy moments at fixed beta or the mean values of entropy and energy at varying beta .
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