The Role of Flavonoids in Invasion Strategy of Solidago canadensis L.

Artur Likhanov,Marian Oliinyk,Mykola Kozyr,Nataliia Pashkevych,Andrii Churilov

doi:10.3390/plants10081748

Abstract

This study provides data on the problem of potential complexation of phenolic compounds synthesized by the plants Solidago canadensis L. and Solidago gigantea Ait. with ammonium forms of nitrogen, partly immobilized in the soil. A comparative analysis of secondary metabolites of the studied plants was performed by HPLC. The leaves of invasively active Solidago canadensis contain nine times more rutin than the plants of Solidago gigantea. Adding to the leaf extracts (v/v1/20) aqueous ammonia solution to pH 8.0 on the chromatograms decreases the intensity or completely causes peaks of flavonoids to disappear; instead, there are peaks of new polar substances (tR 1.5 and 2.0 min). The selective effect of the phenol-ammonium complex on various plant species was revealed. At a concentration of 20 μg/mL, these substances stimulated the formation of lateral roots in soybean seedlings and chrysanthemum cuttings. The suppression of root growth in radish seedlings occurred at a concentration of flavonoids in the extract of 25 μg/mL. In addition, a positive chemotaxis of the Pseudomonas putida (PGPR) was detected in the nitrogen-containing complex based on rutin (5 μg/mL). The identified feature allows PGPR colonization of the root system of Solidago canadensis with corresponding changes in the structure of the microbial community. The ability of the obtained nitrogen-containing polar complexes to regulate the growth processes of plants at extremely low concentration points to promising research in this direction.

Highlights

The natural biogeographical process of migration of vascular plant species presupposes the presence of at least three conditions: The recipient habitat, the spreading species and the vector of transfer
This study provides data on the problem of potential complexation of phenolic compounds synthesized by the plants Solidago canadensis L. and Solidago gigantea Ait. with ammonium forms of nitrogen, partly immobilized in the soil
A positive chemotaxis of the Pseudomonas putida (PGPR) was detected in the nitrogen-containing complex based on rutin (5 μg/mL)

Summary

Introduction

The natural biogeographical process of migration of vascular plant species presupposes the presence of at least three conditions: The recipient habitat, the spreading species and the vector of transfer. The process of phytoinvasion is the fast distribution of alien plant species, accustomed to changing conditions, in new areas, sometimes intensively increasing the number [1]. In this regard, the study of physiological and biochemical mechanisms of the adaptation strategy of invasive plant species is extremely relevant in order to find out the signs and features of adaptations in the conditions of natural and anthropogenically altered environments that ensure the viability of populations [2]. (kenophyte of North American origin with the European-American range, mesophyte, sciogeliophyte) deserve special attention [3,4,5,6] The species Solidago canadensis L. (kenophyte of North American origin, epecophyte with the European-North American range, mesophyte, sciogeliophyte) and S. gigantea Ait. (kenophyte of North American origin with the European-American range, mesophyte, sciogeliophyte) deserve special attention [3,4,5,6]

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