Abstract
This chapter introduces the Finnish higher education system as part of the national research, development, and innovation system and international development of the knowledge economy. The two sectors of higher education are universities and universities of applied sciences. They act very similarly within the national research system, but both systems have their own strengths regarding research infrastructure, national tasks, stakeholder engagement, and research funding. Higher education institutions and their academic staff are key players in the innovation system, and this chapter presents a change in their operating environment during four reform stages of the Finnish higher education system since 1990. The two Finnish Higher education sectors have different career paths for work in the academy.
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