The Role of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the Complex Treatment of Acute Chemical Poisoning

Abstract

Aim of study. Analysis of literature data on the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acute chemical poisoning.Material and methods. The search for domestic publications was carried out in the Elibrary database, foreign publications — in the MEDLINE / PubMed, Google Scholar databases for the period of 2010–2023. The terms used as a search query were according to the official MeSH terms: “Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation” OR “Membrane Oxygenation, Extracorporeal” OR “ECMO Treatment” AND “poisoning”.Results. This review provides information on the outcomes of the use of veno-arterial and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for refractory cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest and severe ARDS in acute chemical poisoning.Conclusion. Data analysis showed that in patients with acute chemical poisoning, the incidence of complications and mortality was lower when ECMO/ECMOCPR was included in the complex therapy compared with patients in whom other reasons (not related to acute poisoning) served as indications for the use of this technique. This is probably due to the fact that patients in the group with acute poisoning are younger, they have fewer concomitant diseases; and ECMO is required, as a rule, for a shorter period of time before the toxicant is eliminated from the body using the methods of their elimination and restoration of disturbed functions.