Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine which of the estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes plays a predominant role in ameliorating hepatic damage following trauma-hemorrhage. Adult male rats were subjected to hemorrhagic shock (40 mmHg for 90 min) and resuscitation. ER-alpha agonist (PPT) or ER-beta agonist (DPN) was administered during resuscitation; rats were sacrificed 24h thereafter. PPT or DPN decreased elevated plasma alpha-glutathione S-transferase levels; however, PPT was more effective. PPT or DPN increased hepatic heat shock protein 32 (Hsp32) mRNA/protein expressions above levels observed after trauma-hemorrhage. PPT reduced hepatic NF-kappaB and AP-1 activity and iNOS expression. Although DPN reduced hepatic NF-kappaB activity, AP-1 activity remained higher than in shams; hepatic iNOS induction remained elevated. PPT/DPN reduced nitrate/nitrite production and iNOS mRNA in Kupffer cells following trauma-hemorrhage; however, these levels in DPN-treated animals remained higher than sham. Although both PPT and DPN decreased hepatic injury following trauma-hemorrhage, ER-alpha agonist PPT appears to be more effective in downregulating NF-kappaB and AP-1 activity, and iNOS induction. Thus, ER-alpha appears to play a predominant role in mediating the salutary effects of E2 in ameliorating hepatic damage following trauma-hemorrhage.
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