The role of environment in the morphological transformation of galaxies in 9 rich intermediate redshift clusters

Abstract

[abridged] We analyze a sample of 9 massive clusters at 0.4<z<0.6 observed with MegaCam in 4 photometric bands (g,r,i,z) from the core to a radius of 5 Mpc (~4000 galaxies). Galaxy cluster candidates are selected using photometric redshifts computed with HyperZ. Morphologies are estimated with galSVM in two broad morphological types (early-type and late-type). We examine the morphological composition of the red-sequence and the blue-cloud and study the relations between galaxies and their environment through the morphology-density relations (T-Sigma) and the morphology-radius relation (T-R) in a mass limited sample (log(M/Msol)>9.5). We find that the red sequence is already in place at z~0.5 and it is mainly composed of very massive (log(M/Msol)>11.3) early-type galaxies. These massive galaxies seem to be already formed when they enter the cluster, probably in infalling groups, since the fraction remains constant with the cluster radius. Their presence in the cluster center could be explained by a segregation effect reflecting an early assembly history. Any evolution that takes place in the galaxy cluster population occurs therefore at lower masses (10.3<log(M/Msol)<11.3). For these galaxies, the evolution, is mainly driven by galaxy-galaxy interactions in the outskirts as revealed by the T-Sigma relation. Finally, the majority of less massive galaxies (9.5<log(M/Msol)<10.3) are late-type galaxies at all locations, suggesting that they have not started the morphological transformation yet even if this low mass bin might be affected by incompleteness.