Abstract
Using 32-yr data for five southern European economies, we investigate the role of energy in their production function. Based on input-output and other econometric tests, we conclude that by incorporating energy in the production function as a factor-input, specification errors are avoided. We find energy and capital to be substitutes with each other. The use of flexible translog specification allows the derivation of elasticity estimates in a two-output, three-input framework and fits the data well.
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