Abstract
Environmental stress to plants is more detrimental than biotic stress. Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, heavy metal toxicity, and oxidative stress, are serious threats to agriculture and lead to deterioration of the environment. Abiotic stress leads to a series of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes that have a harmful effect on plant growth and productivity. Recently endophytic fungi (EF) are gaining attention due to the numerous benefits gained by the host plant and reducing the application of chemicals in agriculture, thus providing advantages to human health and the environment. Indeed, microbe’s ability to confer plant stress resistance may open a new avenue for alleviating the adverse effect of global climate change on agricultural production. The ability of endophytes recovered from grasses were applied to confer drought, high temperature and high salinity to genetically distant plants such as tomato. The concept that fungal endophytes adapt to stress in a habitat-specific manner has been confirmed with different fungal and plant species and environmental stresses. In this review, we have tried to comprehend different roles of endophytes in combating abiotic stress on tomato.
Highlights
The beginning of 21st century is marked by global scarcity of water resources, environmental pollution, and increased salinization of soil and water
Symbiotic fungi are responsible for the adaptation of plants to environmental stresses (Khan et al 2012), and these tolerances can be transferred to agricultural plants (Rodriguez et al 2008; Redman et al 2011); these endophytes can improve agriculture to combat climate changes, which involve increasing tolerance to drought and water stress and tolerance to high temperature and high salinity (Lugtenberg et al 2016)
This review concentrated on using fungal endophytes from the hosts thriving in high stress environments to confer desirable traits such as drought, temperature, disease and salt tolerance to genetically unrelated stress-sensitive plant species
Summary
The beginning of 21st century is marked by global scarcity of water resources, environmental pollution, and increased salinization of soil and water. Abiotic stresses are virtually interrelated; either individually or in combination, they cause morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes that negatively affect plant growth, productivity, and yield. Abiotic stresses are virtually interrelated; either individually or in combination, they cause morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes that negatively affect plant growth, productivity, and yield (Savvas et al 2003).
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