The role of electrochemical properties of biochar to promote methane production in anaerobic digestion

Abstract

The electrochemical properties of biochar may be the key factor to promote anaerobic digestion , which has attracted extensive attention. However, the mechanism and the role of the electrochemical properties of biochar are remaining unclear. In this study, biochar with different electrochemical properties was prepared by pyrolysis at different temperatures (BC300/600/900) and oxidation or reduction modification (O/RBC300/600/900). The biochar was added as an additive to promote methanogenic performance of anaerobic digesters of glucose and food waste. In both anaerobic digestion systems, the cumulative methane production of food waste increased by 42.07% and the maximum methane production rate of glucose enhanced by 17.80% after BC900 treatment. RBC600 was inferior to BC900, but superior to BC600. Microbiological analysis suggests that biochar enriched the relative abundant Synergistia and Methanoculleus . This is conducive to the establishment of the direct interspecies electrons transfer (DIET). Results from correlation analysis, principal component analysis and machine learning confirmed that both of the electron donating capacities (EDC) and electrical conductivity (EC) are dominated factors affecting the cumulative methane yield. Through the analysis of electrochemical properties and preparation process of biochar, the results showed that the pyrolysis temperature increases and the content of phenolic hydroxyl decreases under medium temperature of biochar, which was beneficial to the methane production. This study found the key factors of the electrochemical properties of biochar in anaerobic digestion, provided new insights for the mechanism of biochar promoting anaerobic digestion and proposed novel directions for the preparation of biochar. • BC900 increased the cumulative methane production of food waste by 42.07%. • BC900 increased the maximum methane production rate of glucose by 17.80%. • RBC600 was inferior to BC900, but superior to BC600 in anaerobic methanation. • Electron donating capacities and electrical conductivity of biochar are keys factors. • Higher pyrolysis temperature and lower phenolic hydroxyl of biochar are beneficial.