Abstract
Quality and quantity of different irrigation water types from conventional and alternative sources have a significant role on the productive parameters and chemical composition of crop plants. Appropriate alternative water sources and the reutilization of agricultural effluents can reduce the impact of rice production and animal husbandry on the natural water bodies. In the present study, influence of four different types of irrigation water was analyzed on the nutrient uptake (P, K, Ca, Mg, Na) of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) in a complex lysimeter experiment in two consecutive years. Early maturing Hungarian rice varieties (M 488 and Janka) were irrigated with traditional river water (RW) and different alternative irrigation sources to evaluate the feasibility of a sodium containing intensive fish farm effluent with (EWG) or without (EW) gypsum supplementation and with the addition of natural river water (EWGR). Significant effects on the mineral content of the aboveground biomass were measured. P uptake by M 488 and Janka decreased after the irrigation with EW in 2017. In case of EW, EWG and EWGR, the Na content increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in both varieties; however, pre-treatment of salt containing effluent waters can moderate the stress level. As a consequence, the ability of both rice varieties to absorb Na suggests that rice production could be conditionally part of bioremediation of salt-affected soils and water bodies.
Highlights
In the age of climate change and depletion of water resources, a new approach is needed to provide crops with sufficient water
EW effluent water, EWG effluent water supplemented with gypsum, EWGReffluent water diluted with river water and supplemented with gypsum, RW river water sowing, pre-emergent herbicide was applied to suppress weed development
While EW and EWG irrigation did not have a significant effect on these elements, the Mg content was higher after EW irrigation, the difference was statistically insignificant (p = 0.06)
Summary
In the age of climate change and depletion of water resources, a new approach is needed to provide crops with sufficient water. It is especially important in climate vulnerable countries with arid and semi-arid areas, where growing plants suitable for these conditions is becoming an additional challenge for local farmers (Bortolini et al 2018). Large agricultural wastewater (AWW) discharges what come from poultry and livestock farming. According to Ran et al (2016), livestock farming alone uses one-third of global agricultural water sources. Usually AWW is discharged into soil or water bodies without treatment. Nutrient-rich AWW, if properly treated in irrigated agriculture, can offer great benefits too
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