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Abstract
Education could play a role in decreasing and mitigating damages caused by natural disaster. By analysing relationships between level of education and components of the World Risk Index, this study demonstrated an education’s role in natural hazard awareness and mitigation. For this purpose, we analysed relationships between the components of WRI, created an education factor independent of WRI (based on PISA 2018 Science test results), analysed the frequency, magnitude and exposure of natural hazards of an extreme event character in selected countries and analysed the relationships between the education factor and WRI components among the countries. A detailed analysis was performed for 15 countries representing the full global range of natural hazards (frequency, magnitude and exposure to droughts, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods (not related to hurricanes), mass movements, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis) and level of education. We found that the education factor (ranked and normalised to the maximal value among the considered countries) has significant negative correlation with the following WRI parameters: the Natural Hazard Factor (relative vulnerability, based on the difference between the relative and calculated WRI, ranked and normalised to the maximal value of WRI differences), susceptibility, lack of coping capacities and lack of adaptive capacities (all ranked and normalised to the maximal value). Results indicated that countries at low risk tend to be over-aware while countries at high risk are under-aware of natural hazards. Education can significantly increase awareness of natural hazards and reduce their impact.
Highlights
Natural hazards and disasters occur in all parts of the world, their distribution is uneven in space and time [1,2]
We found that the education factor has significant negative correlation with the following World Risk Index (WRI) parameters: the Natural Hazard Factor, susceptibility, lack of coping capacities and lack of adaptive capacities
We focused on the relationships between the components of WRI, created an education factor independent of WRI, analysed the frequency, magnitude and exposure of natural hazards of extreme event character in selected countries and analysed the relationships between the education factor and WRI components among the countries
Summary
Natural hazards and disasters occur in all parts of the world, their distribution is uneven in space and time [1,2]. Natural hazards can cascade, causing severe disasters [2,3]. Population is concentrated unevenly [4], exposing citizens in some countries to natural hazards more than citizens in others. This, in turn, causes a variety of awareness levels among individuals and the society, and these differences influence disaster reduction measures and their efficiency. Increasing hazard awareness is one way to reduce negative impacts of natural disasters, as people aware of risks are more likely to reduce potential losses [5] When a hazard event takes a significant toll on human life or property, it becomes a natural disaster. A natural disaster is defined by United Nations
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