Abstract

Aim:This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of edible bird’s nest (EBN) supplement on the uteri of rats exposed to lead acetate (LA) toxicity.Materials and Methods:Five treatment groups were established as follows: Group 1 (C), which was given distilled water; Group 2 (T0), which was administered with LA (10 mg/kg body weight [BW]); and Groups 3 (T1), 4 (T2), and 5 (T3), which were given LA (10 mg/kg BW) plus graded concentrations of 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg BW of EBN, respectively. Rats were euthanized at week 5 to collect blood for superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay, and uterus for histomorphological study and expression analyses of epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).Results:Results revealed that LA causes destruction of uterine lining cells and necrosis of uterine glands of exposed rats without EBN supplement while the degree of damage decreased among EBN treated groups; T3 showed the highest ameliorating effect against LA toxicity, as well as an increased number of uterine glands. Increased levels of SOD were also achieved in EBN supplemented groups than the controls. Results of immunohistochemistry showed significantly higher expressions of EGF, VEGF, and PCNA levels (p<0.05) in T3 compared to other treatments. EBN maintained upregulation of antioxidant – reactive oxygen species balance.Conclusion:The findings showed that EBN could ameliorate the detrimental effects of LA toxicity on the uterus possibly by enhancing enzymatic antioxidant (SOD) activity as well as expressions of EGF, VEGF, and PCNA with cell proliferation roles.

Highlights

  • Industrialization and urbanization increase the risk of daily exposure to a variety of chemical contaminants with adverse health effects

  • The findings showed that edible bird’s nest (EBN) could ameliorate the detrimental effects of Lead acetate (LA) toxicity on the uterus possibly by enhancing enzymatic antioxidant (SOD) activity as well as expressions of epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) with cell proliferation roles

  • Effect of EBN on estrus cycle, body weights (BWs), and the uterine BW ratios (UBWR) of rats that were exposed to LA toxicity

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Summary

Introduction

Industrialization and urbanization increase the risk of daily exposure to a variety of chemical contaminants with adverse health effects. Lead is one of the heavy metal environmental pollutants known. Lead acetate (LA) can accumulate in the tissue of human and animals with a long half-life time [1,2,3]. Lead is well known for causing a range of physiological, behavioral, and biochemical dysfunction in animals and humans including. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated

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