Abstract
先天性心脏病(简称先心病)是新生儿时期最常见的先天性畸形,其发病率为0.6%～0.8%,其中约30%为青紫型复杂病例,是导致新生儿心力衰竭和严重低氧血症的主要原因[1].青紫型先心病代表性类型包括完全性大动脉转位、极重型法乐四联症、三尖瓣闭锁、完全性肺静脉异位引流、肺动脉闭锁、单心室、完全性房室隔缺损、动脉单干、左心发育不良综合征等.这些心脏畸形如不经治疗,30%在生后1个月内夭折,60%在1岁以内死亡,是造成新生儿死亡的主要原因之一.近年来国内外对先心病治疗的研究已经取得了很大进展,许多复杂性心血管畸形患儿在出生后不久即可根治,手术存活率已明显提高.因此,早期正确的诊断对于指导及时有效的治疗、降低新生儿病死率具有重要价值。
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