Abstract
This chapter covers five main elements which are: the ions including the divalent cations, the antibiotics particularly those affected by the presence of the divalent cations and the ionophor antibiotics, the enzymes involved in the antibiotic resistance, and the macromolecules and their interaction with the ions. It describes the relationship between the divalent cation and the antibiotic resistance through different related mechanisms. The chapter addresses some case studies concerning the role of the divalent cations in the resistance and the sensitivity of the bacteria during the treatment with the antibiotics. The biological system is sensitive to the chemical structure, particularly the metals. P. aeruginosa is always reported as a multidrug resistant microbe. Divalent cations have an important role in prokaryote cells especially in cell protection or in infection adaptation. A better understanding of the role of the divalent cations in antibiotic resistance will enable better pathogen control.
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