Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of molecules produced, non-enzymatically, from the interaction between reducing sugars and the free amino groups of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. AGEs are formed as a normal consequence of metabolism but can also be absorbed from the diet. They have been widely implicated in the complications of diabetes affecting cardiovascular health, the nervous system, eyes, and kidneys. Increased levels of AGEs are also detrimental to metabolic health and may contribute to the metabolic abnormalities induced by the Western diet, which is high in processed foods and represents a significant source of AGEs. While increased AGE levels are a consequence of diabetic hyperglycaemia, AGEs themselves activate signaling pathways, which compromise insulin signaling and pancreatic β-cell function, thus, contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, AGEs may also contribute to the obesogenic effects of the Western diet by promoting hypothalamic inflammation and disrupting the central control of energy balance. Here, the role of dietary AGEs in metabolic dysfunction is reviewed with a focus on the mechanisms underpinning their detrimental role in insulin resistance, pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, hypothalamic control of energy balance, and the pathogenesis of T2DM and obesity.
Highlights
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of molecules produced, non-enzymatically, from the interaction between reducing sugars and the free amino groups of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids
Increased levels of AGEs are detrimental to metabolic health and may contribute to the metabolic abnormalities induced by the Western diet, which is high in processed foods and represents a significant nal, and neurodegenerative disease, and have recently been implicated in hypothalamic inflammation and obesity.[1]
The Western diet contains elevated levels of highly processed foods and as such represents a source of AGEs, which contributes to promoting obesity, insulin resistance, and deterioration in metabolic health
Summary
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of molecules produced, non-enzymatically, from the interaction between reducing sugars and the free amino groups of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a complex and heterogeneous group of protein, lipid, and DNA adducts implicated in the development of numerbe absorbed from the diet. They have been widely implicated in the ous chronic diseases including diabetes complications of diabetes affecting cardiovascular health, the nervous system, related complications, cardiovascular, reeyes, and kidneys. This review will summarize the molecular process of AGEs formation as well as their role in metabolic dysfunction
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